iOS – Max的程式語言筆記

Charles的下載安裝及使用

max-stackoverflow — Thu, 29 Oct 2020 11:25:44 +0000

感謝Charles，讓Max解鎖中間人攻擊(Man-in-the-middle attack，縮寫：MITM)的成就，終於可以讓 https 加密的世界重新回到 http 明碼的世界。

傳統的網路監聽(Sniffer)技術遇到的問題是SSL的出現，傳輸的封包被加密，無法直接監聽到封包裡的內容。使用Charles為我們便利地讓與遠端伺服器之間的傳輸變的透明可以觀看其內容。

這篇文章要分享Max怎麼使用Charles查看https的封包內容。

Max測試情景是Charles用的是 macOS 的版本，在Android 手機的WiFi 裡設定 proxy 連到 macOS 的 Charles，並在 Android App 裡與遠端主機進行網路資料傳輸。

Max的環境：

作業系統：macOS 10.15.7
Charles: ver 4.5.6
Android手機：Mi A1 (Android 9)

另外有用一隻手機分享熱點，讓 macOS 和 Android 手機都在同一個 LAN 裡。

實作步驟如下：

1：下載和安裝Charles

官方版下載地址：
https://www.charlesproxy.com/download/

附註：

官方版只有30天免費使用期限。
安裝完打開的過程中，會彈出一個彈窗，問你是否grant privilege，要點擊「grant privilege」按鈕，這一步是授權，願意讓Charles去監聽你的瀏覽器請求。

2：安裝Charles Root Certificates

開啟 Charles 後，可以左欄很多的 unknown，點下去後可以看到 Notes：

SSL Proxying not enabled for this host

解法，點 menubar -> Help -> SSL Proxying -> Install Charles Root Certificate

接著使用 spotlight 去開啟 Keychain Access 的 App，會看到有一個紅色的X，點2下開啟。

在第一個欄位選擇「Always Trust」

這時候就會變色綠色了，沒有紅色X。

3：設定 SSL Proxying setting

在還沒設定 SSL Proxying setting 會顯示下面的Notes:

SSL Proxying not enabled for this host: enable in Proxy Settings, SSL locations

點 menubar -> Proxy -> SSL Proxying setting 裡按”Add” 按鈕，增加我們的domain：

4：在Android / iOS 手機下載設定檔

在手機的瀏覽器裡，連到下面網址，下載並安裝設定檔。
http://charlesproxy.com/getssl

接著在 Android 的 Wi-Fi 的設定的地方，去設定 proxy host 和 port 為 macOS 的 IP(主機名) 和 port(端口) 即可。

不知道 macOS 的 IP address 可以在 macOS 的 Charles 裡點 menubar -> Help -> Local IP Address.

port(端口) 預設值是 8888，想修改的話，在 Charles app 點 menubar -> Proxy -> Proxy Settings 就可以了。

以上 4個步驟就結束了，附上讓 https 變明碼的執行畫面：

^_^)y 耶～明碼!

Charles Proxy macOS setup guide
https://medium.com/@yash3x/charles-proxy-macos-setup-guide-cfde50262b91

Charles的下载安装及使用
https://www.jianshu.com/p/912a9e15b174

Charles on Windows + Android 查看https封包
https://medium.com/@NorthBei/charles-on-windows-android-%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8Bhttps%E5%B0%81%E5%8C%85-fe6f2e6cc507

透過 Charles Proxy 工具，查看 SSL 連線的 Request 與 Response 資料
https://jzchangmark.wordpress.com/2015/05/24/%E9%80%8F%E9%81%8E-charles-%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%EF%BC%8C%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B-ssl-%E9%80%A3%E7%B7%9A%E7%9A%84-request-%E8%88%87-response-%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99/

Using Charles Proxy to Debug Android SSL Traffic
https://medium.com/@hackupstate/using-charles-proxy-to-debug-android-ssl-traffic-e61fc38760f7

arabic 阿拉伯文

max-stackoverflow — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 15:51:26 +0000

我在處理阿拉伯文二天了，分享一些出乎意料之外的心得。

首先如果想要macOS在 terminal 裡正確顯示 right-to-left (RTL or dextrosinistral) 可以服用下列指令：

Press Command+Space and type Terminal and press enter/return key.
Run in Terminal app:
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)" < /dev/null 2> /dev/null
and press enter/return key.
If the screen prompts you to enter a password, please enter your Mac’s user password to continue. When you type the password, it won’t be displayed on screen, but the system would accept it. So just type your password and press ENTER/RETURN key. Then wait for the command to finish.
Run:
brew install fribidi

對雙向文本（Bi-directional text）的支援，小的文字編輯軟體可能只有支援一半，例如：sublime 這套軟體，在整份檔案都是 bidi 情況下，是可以支援，但交叉顯示時，顯示就會出錯，會相反顯示，我也因此花了很多冤枉的時間在除錯。

除了小編輯器會有問題，程式語言python 3在處理bidi 的字串也會有問題，做法很簡單，遇到 bidi text 自己手動反轉即可，附上字串反轉副程式：

def reverse_i(s):
    r = ''
    for c in s:
            r = c + r
    return r

在sublime 上會發生一些「神奇的」錯誤，就是畫面上顯示的阿拉伯文是正確的，但copy/paste 到 xcode 或 browser 上看時，會是相反的字串，所以要知道自己有沒有處理正確，只要都使用大公司推出的文字編輯器就不會有問題。如果用不習慣大公司的文字編輯器，請記得最後要貼到瀏覽器上做驗證，例如：

Wiki：
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-directional_text

雙向文本
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%90%91%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF

[iOS] ‘NSLayoutConstraint for (null): Constraint must contain a first layout item’

max-stackoverflow — Sun, 31 Mar 2019 18:08:00 +0000

在套用 Google Admob 範例：
https://developers.google.com/admob/ios/banner

@import GoogleMobileAds;

@interface ViewController ()

@property(nonatomic, strong) GADBannerView *bannerView;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
  [super viewDidLoad];
  
  // In this case, we instantiate the banner with desired ad size.
  self.bannerView = [[GADBannerView alloc]
      initWithAdSize:kGADAdSizeBanner];

  [self addBannerViewToView:self.bannerView];
}

- (void)addBannerViewToView:(UIView *)bannerView {
  bannerView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
  [self.view addSubview:bannerView];
  [self.view addConstraints:@[
    [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:bannerView
                               attribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottom
                               relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                  toItem:self.bottomLayoutGuide
                               attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop
                              multiplier:1
                                constant:0],
    [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:bannerView
                               attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterX
                               relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                  toItem:self.view
                               attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterX
                              multiplier:1
                                constant:0]
                                ]];
}
  

@end

結果顯示錯誤訊息：

NSLayoutConstraint for (null): Constraint must contain a first layout item

發生的原因是，直接套用了英文版裡的範例會出錯，改服用中文版裡的範例和指引就OK了。中文版的解法是：
https://developers.google.com/mobile-ads-sdk/docs/admob/ios/quick-start?hl=zh-tw

1：設定 Storyboard 裡的元件。

開啟 Main.storyboard。在右下角的 Object library (物件程式庫)中，搜尋 UIView，然後將 UIView 元素拖曳至檢視控制器。接著在右上角的 Identity inspector (身份偵測程式)中，將這個檢視設為自訂類別 GADBannerView。

2：不需要 create object 進 GADBannerView，直接做 adUnitID assign 和 loadRequest.

- (void)viewDidLoad {
  [super viewDidLoad];

  NSLog(@"Google Mobile Ads SDK version: %@", [GADRequest sdkVersion]);
  self.bannerView.adUnitID = @"ca-app-pub-3940256099942544/2934735716";
  self.bannerView.rootViewController = self;
  [self.bannerView loadRequest:[GADRequest request]];
}

App 違反不當廣告政策

max-stackoverflow — Tue, 05 Jun 2018 15:36:56 +0000

上架App 被退，原因是：

問題：違反不當廣告政策

您的應用程式內顯示的廣告除了必須符合我們的政策規定，還必須針對目標對象提供適當內容。舉例來說，如果應用程式的內容分級適用對象為未成年人，則不可放送含有兒童不宜內容或服務的廣告。

解法：

https://support.google.com/admob/answer/7562142?hl=zh-Hant&ref_topic=7384665

數位內容標籤

AdMob 會使用數位內容標籤，就廣告對不同目標對象的適合程度進行分級。這類標籤類似於其他機構組織為電影或電玩遊戲所設定的內容分級。

數位內容標籤依定義分為下列幾種：

G：內容適合一般觀眾 (包括闔家皆宜的內容)
PG：內容適合大多數的觀眾 (需有家長監護)
T：內容適合青少年及較年長的觀眾
MA：內容只適合成年觀眾

Google Play 和 Apple App Store 各有專屬的分級和標籤套用方式，用以判定內容對不同年齡層的適合程度。請參閱下表，瞭解您應用程式目標對象所對應的數位內容標籤。

數位內容標籤	Google Play (Android)	App Store (iOS)
G	3+	4+
PG	7+	9+
T	12+	12+
MA	16+、18+	17+

程式：
provide targeting information to an ad request.

https://developers.google.com/admob/android/targeting#child-directed_setting

Bundle extras = new Bundle();
extras.putString("max_ad_content_rating", "MA");

AdRequest request = new AdRequest.Builder()
        .addNetworkExtrasBundle(AdMobAdapter.class, extras)
        .build();

完整範例：
https://github.com/googleads/googleads-mobile-android-examples/blob/master/java/advanced/APIDemo/app/src/main/java/com/google/android/gms/example/apidemo/AdMobAdTargetingFragment.java

How can we programmatically detect which iOS version is device running on?

max-stackoverflow — Wed, 30 May 2018 08:42:03 +0000

有些功能，需要新的版本 iOS 才能執行，所以需要判斷 iOS 版本。解法如下：

From iOS 8 we can use the new isOperatingSystemAtLeastVersion method on NSProcessInfo

   NSOperatingSystemVersion ios8_0_1 = (NSOperatingSystemVersion){8, 0, 1};
   if ([[NSProcessInfo processInfo] isOperatingSystemAtLeastVersion:ios8_0_1]) {
      // iOS 8.0.1 and above logic
   } else {
      // iOS 8.0.0 and below logic
   }

Beware that this will crash on iOS 7, as the API didn’t exist prior to iOS 8. If you’re supporting iOS 7 and below, you can safely perform the check with

if ([NSProcessInfo instancesRespondToSelector:@selector(isOperatingSystemAtLeastVersion:)]) {
  // conditionally check for any version >= iOS 8 using 'isOperatingSystemAtLeastVersion'
} else {
  // we're on iOS 7 or below
}

解法2號：

Best current version, without need to deal with numeric search within NSString is to define macros(See original answer: Check iPhone iOS Version)

Those macros do exist in github, see: https://github.com/carlj/CJAMacros/blob/master/CJAMacros/CJAMacros.h

Like this:

#define SYSTEM_VERSION_EQUAL_TO(v)                  ([[[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion] compare:v options:NSNumericSearch] == NSOrderedSame)
#define SYSTEM_VERSION_GREATER_THAN(v)              ([[[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion] compare:v options:NSNumericSearch] == NSOrderedDescending)
#define SYSTEM_VERSION_GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL_TO(v)  ([[[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion] compare:v options:NSNumericSearch] != NSOrderedAscending)
#define SYSTEM_VERSION_LESS_THAN(v)                 ([[[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion] compare:v options:NSNumericSearch] == NSOrderedAscending)
#define SYSTEM_VERSION_LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL_TO(v)     ([[[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion] compare:v options:NSNumericSearch] != NSOrderedDescending)

and use them like this:

if (SYSTEM_VERSION_LESS_THAN(@"5.0")) {
    // code here
}

if (SYSTEM_VERSION_GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL_TO(@"6.0")) {
    // code here
}

Outdated version below

to get OS version:

[[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion]

returns string, which can be turned into int/float via

-[NSString floatValue]
-[NSString intValue]

like this

Both values (floatValue, intValue) will be stripped due to its type, 5.0.1 will become 5.0 or 5 (float or int), for comparing precisely, you will have to separate it to array of INTs check accepted answer here: Check iPhone iOS Version

NSString *ver = [[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion];
int ver_int = [ver intValue];
float ver_float = [ver floatValue];

and compare like this

NSLog(@"System Version is %@",[[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion]);
NSString *ver = [[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion];
float ver_float = [ver floatValue];
if (ver_float < 5.0) return false;

For Swift 4.0 syntax

below example is just checking if the device is of iOS11 or greater version.

let systemVersion = UIDevice.current.systemVersion
if systemVersion.cgFloatValue >= 11.0 {
    //"for ios 11"
  }
else{
   //"ios below 11")
  }

解法3號：

The quick answer …

As of Swift 2.0, you can use #available in an if or guard to protect code that should only be run on certain systems.

if #available(iOS 9, *) {}

In Objective-C, you need to check the system version and perform a comparison.

[[NSProcessInfo processInfo] operatingSystemVersion] in iOS 8 and above.

As of Xcode 9:

if (@available(iOS 9, *)) {}

The full answer …

In Objective-C, and Swift in rare cases, it’s better to avoid relying on the operating system version as an indication of device or OS capabilities. There is usually a more reliable method of checking whether a particular feature or class is available.

Checking for the presence of APIs:

For example, you can check if UIPopoverController is available on the current device using NSClassFromString:

if (NSClassFromString(@"UIPopoverController")) {
    // Do something
}

For weakly linked classes, it is safe to message the class, directly. Notably, this works for frameworks that aren’t explicitly linked as “Required”. For missing classes, the expression evaluates to nil, failing the condition:

if ([LAContext class]) {
    // Do something
}

Some classes, like CLLocationManager and UIDevice, provide methods to check device capabilities:

if ([CLLocationManager headingAvailable]) {
    // Do something
}

Checking for the presence of symbols:

Very occasionally, you must check for the presence of a constant. This came up in iOS 8 with the introduction of UIApplicationOpenSettingsURLString, used to load Settings app via -openURL:. The value didn’t exist prior to iOS 8. Passing nil to this API will crash, so you must take care to verify the existence of the constant first:

if (&UIApplicationOpenSettingsURLString != NULL) {
    [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:UIApplicationOpenSettingsURLString]];
}

Comparing against the operating system version:

Let’s assume you’re faced with the relatively rare need to check the operating system version. For projects targeting iOS 8 and above, NSProcessInfo includes a method for performing version comparisons with less chance of error:

- (BOOL)isOperatingSystemAtLeastVersion:(NSOperatingSystemVersion)version

Projects targeting older systems can use systemVersion on UIDevice. Apple uses it in their GLSprite sample code.

// A system version of 3.1 or greater is required to use CADisplayLink. The NSTimer
// class is used as fallback when it isn't available.
NSString *reqSysVer = @"3.1";
NSString *currSysVer = [[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion];
if ([currSysVer compare:reqSysVer options:NSNumericSearch] != NSOrderedAscending) {
    displayLinkSupported = TRUE;
}

If for whatever reason you decide that systemVersion is what you want, make sure to treat it as an string or you risk truncating the patch revision number (eg. 3.1.2 -> 3.1).

Provisioning profile doesn’t include signing certificate “iPhone Developer: “.

max-stackoverflow — Tue, 29 May 2018 03:35:53 +0000

Build iOS app fail, 遇到 error message:

Provisioning profile "xxx" doesn't include signing certificate "iPhone Developer: xxx(xxx)".

我们需要清除Mac中的provisioning profile，在keychain 裡刪除相關的 Keys 和 Certificates，然后再到xcode-preferences-account-detail裡重新點「Download Manually Profiles」。

如果還是build 不過，大多數的情況是，需要给automatically signing 打上勾，就ok了，一键解决。

如果有曾勾選過 “always allow codesign” 的按鈕在build app 時，如果還是有問題，則需要重開機一次，才能重新彈出 codesign 的對話框，才能針對新的帳號做授權。

SVProgressHUD ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture armv7

max-stackoverflow — Mon, 28 May 2018 09:18:30 +0000

在 pod 裡加入 SVProgressHUD, 一去 import 之後遇到無法 build, error message:

ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture armv7

使用了 pod update 指令，還是無法解決，訊息如下：

CocoaPods 1.5.3 is available.
To update use: `sudo gem install cocoapods`

For more information, see https://blog.cocoapods.org and the CHANGELOG for this version at https://github.com/CocoaPods/CocoaPods/releases/tag/1.5.3

Analyzing dependencies
Pre-downloading: `SVProgressHUD` from `https://github.com/SVProgressHUD/SVProgressHUD.git`
Downloading dependencies
Installing SVProgressHUD 2.2.5 (was 2.2.5)
Generating Pods project
Integrating client project
Sending stats
Pod installation complete! There is 1 dependency from the Podfile and 1 total pod installed.

[!] The `EGeofence [Debug]` target overrides the `OTHER_LDFLAGS` build setting defined in `Pods/Target Support Files/Pods-EGeofence/Pods-EGeofence.debug.xcconfig'. This can lead to problems with the CocoaPods installation
    - Use the `$(inherited)` flag, or
    - Remove the build settings from the target.

[!] The `EGeofence [Release]` target overrides the `OTHER_LDFLAGS` build setting defined in `Pods/Target Support Files/Pods-EGeofence/Pods-EGeofence.release.xcconfig'. This can lead to problems with the CocoaPods installation
    - Use the `$(inherited)` flag, or
    - Remove the build settings from the target.

我是在 “General” – “Linked Frameworks and Libraries” 裡加入，即可正常 build.

[iOS] App Configuration

max-stackoverflow — Tue, 22 May 2018 01:15:44 +0000

使用 App Configuration 的好處是使用者不用重新輸入資料，可以透過MDM派送相關的設定值給APP.

Apple 官方文章：

https://developer.apple.com/library/content/samplecode/sc2279/Introduction/Intro.html

Managed App Configuration

Last Revision:	Version 1.0, 2013-10-01 “ManagedAppConfig” demonstrates how to implement managed app configuration and feedback support in an iOS app.
Build Requirements:	Xcode 5.0 or later; iOS SDK 7 or later.
Runtime Requirements:	iOS 7 or later.

“ManagedAppConfig” demonstrates how to implement managed app configuration and feedback support in an iOS application. This functionality allows a Mobile Device Management (MDM) server to push down a dictionary into the managed app’s NSUserDefaults for the purposes of remotely configuring settings. Also, feedback (such as critical errors) can be written by the app into NSUserDefaults which can then be queried by an MDM server. This is a powerful mechanism enterprise and educational institutions can use to remotely configure managed applications from a centralized MDM server.

Apple 官方的 sample code：

– (void)readDefaultsValues {

NSDictionary *serverConfig = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] dictionaryForKey:kConfigurationKey];

NSString *serverURLString = serverConfig[kConfigurationServerURLKey];

// Data coming from MDM server should be validated before use.

// If validation fails, be sure to set a sensible default value as a fallback, even if it is nil.

if (serverURLString && [serverURLString isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) {

self.serverURLUILabel.text = serverURLString;

} else {

self.serverURLUILabel.text = @”http://foo.bar”;

}

NSNumber *disableCloudDocumentSync = serverConfig[kConfigurationDisableCloudDocumentSyncKey];

if (disableCloudDocumentSync && [disableCloudDocumentSync isKindOfClass:[NSNumber class]]) {

self.cloudDocumentSyncEnabledSwitch.on = ![disableCloudDocumentSync boolValue];

} else {

self.cloudDocumentSyncEnabledSwitch.on = YES;

}

// Fetch the success and failure count values from NSUserDefaults to display.

// Data validation for feedback values is a good idea, in case the application wrote out an unexpected value.

NSDictionary *feedback = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] dictionaryForKey:kFeedbackKey];

NSNumber *successCount = feedback[kFeedbackSuccessCountKey];

if (successCount && [successCount isKindOfClass:[NSNumber class]]) {

self.successCount = [successCount unsignedIntegerValue];

} else {

self.successCount = 0;

}

self.successUILabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@”%lu”, (unsigned long)self.successCount];

NSNumber *failureCount = feedback[kFeedbackFailureCountKey];

if (failureCount && [failureCount isKindOfClass:[NSNumber class]]) {

self.failureCount = [failureCount unsignedIntegerValue];

} else {

self.failureCount = 0;

}

self.failureUILabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@”%lu”, (unsigned long)self.failureCount];

}

Hide back button in tabbar navigation controller

max-stackoverflow — Thu, 17 May 2018 09:51:59 +0000

原本只有使用navigation bar, 使用下面的 code 是正常：

[self.navigationItem setHidesBackButton:YES];
[self.navigationItem setTitle:NSLocalizedString(@"Camera",@"")];

後來增加了 Tab bar 後，左上角的 back 就出來了，set title 也失敗。類似的失敗畫面：

解法如下：

You can set all the UITabBar icons in an easy way. You can do this in your viewWillAppear:method:

[[self.tabBarController.tabBar.items objectAtIndex:0] setTitle:NSLocalizedString(@"BotonMapas", @"comment")];

[[self.tabBarController.tabBar.items objectAtIndex:1] setTitle:NSLocalizedString(@"BotonRA", @"comment")];

[[self.tabBarController.tabBar.items objectAtIndex:2] setTitle:NSLocalizedString(@"BotonEstado", @"comment")];

[[self.tabBarController.tabBar.items objectAtIndex:3] setTitle:NSLocalizedString(@"LabelInfo", @"comment")];

Swift 3.1 Solution

self.tabBarController?.tabBar.items?[0].title = NSLocalizedString("BotonMapas", comment: "comment")
self.tabBarController?.tabBar.items?[1].title = NSLocalizedString("BotonRA", comment: "comment")
self.tabBarController?.tabBar.items?[2].title = NSLocalizedString("BotonEstado", comment: "comment")
self.tabBarController?.tabBar.items?[3].title = NSLocalizedString("LabelInfo", comment: "comment")

How to set tab bar item title programmatically in objective c?

max-stackoverflow — Thu, 17 May 2018 09:48:02 +0000

I want to set title to tab item programatically

You can set all the UITabBar icons in an easy way. You can do this in your viewWillAppear:method:

[[self.tabBarController.tabBar.items objectAtIndex:0] setTitle:NSLocalizedString(@"BotonMapas", @"comment")];

[[self.tabBarController.tabBar.items objectAtIndex:1] setTitle:NSLocalizedString(@"BotonRA", @"comment")];

[[self.tabBarController.tabBar.items objectAtIndex:2] setTitle:NSLocalizedString(@"BotonEstado", @"comment")];

[[self.tabBarController.tabBar.items objectAtIndex:3] setTitle:NSLocalizedString(@"LabelInfo", @"comment")];

Swift 3.1 Solution

self.tabBarController?.tabBar.items?[0].title = NSLocalizedString("BotonMapas", comment: "comment")
self.tabBarController?.tabBar.items?[1].title = NSLocalizedString("BotonRA", comment: "comment")
self.tabBarController?.tabBar.items?[2].title = NSLocalizedString("BotonEstado", comment: "comment")
self.tabBarController?.tabBar.items?[3].title = NSLocalizedString("LabelInfo", comment: "comment")

iOS – Max的程式語言筆記

Charles的下載安裝及使用

1：下載和安裝Charles

2：安裝Charles Root Certificates

3：設定 SSL Proxying setting

4：在Android / iOS 手機下載設定檔

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