MySQL: Insert record if not exists in table

又是一個常遇到的問題, 在 MSSQL 解起來滿簡單的, 在 MySQL 解法也很多, 比較簡單的是直接加 IGNORE 就OK了.

最好add a unique index, 避免資料庫裡有不正確的, 重覆的資料.

建議解法:How to INSERT If Row Does Not Exist (UPSERT) in MySQL
https://www.atlassian.com/data/admin/how-to-insert-if-row-does-not-exist-upsert-in-mysql

If we have a large batch of new and existing data to INSERT and part of that data contains a matching value for the id field (which is a UNIQUE PRIMARY_KEY in the table), using a basic INSERT will produce an expected error:

mysql> INSERT INTO books
    (id, title, author, year_published)
VALUES
    (1, 'Green Eggs and Ham', 'Dr. Seuss', 1960);
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '1' for key 'PRIMARY'

On the other hand, if we use INSERT IGNORE, the duplication attempt is ignored and no resulting errors occur:

mysql> INSERT IGNORE INTO books
    (id, title, author, year_published)
VALUES
    (1, 'Green Eggs and Ham', 'Dr. Seuss', 1960);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

比較完整的解法:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3164505/mysql-insert-record-if-not-exists-in-table

CREATE TABLE `table_listnames` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `address` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `tele` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

Insert a record:

INSERT INTO table_listnames (name, address, tele)
SELECT * FROM (SELECT 'Rupert', 'Somewhere', '022') AS tmp
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT name FROM table_listnames WHERE name = 'Rupert'
) LIMIT 1;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

SELECT * FROM `table_listnames`;

+----+--------+-----------+------+
| id | name   | address   | tele |
+----+--------+-----------+------+
|  1 | Rupert | Somewhere | 022  |
+----+--------+-----------+------+

Try to insert the same record again:

INSERT INTO table_listnames (name, address, tele)
SELECT * FROM (SELECT 'Rupert', 'Somewhere', '022') AS tmp
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT name FROM table_listnames WHERE name = 'Rupert'
) LIMIT 1;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

+----+--------+-----------+------+
| id | name   | address   | tele |
+----+--------+-----------+------+
|  1 | Rupert | Somewhere | 022  |
+----+--------+-----------+------+

Insert a different record:

INSERT INTO table_listnames (name, address, tele)
SELECT * FROM (SELECT 'John', 'Doe', '022') AS tmp
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT name FROM table_listnames WHERE name = 'John'
) LIMIT 1;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

SELECT * FROM `table_listnames`;

+----+--------+-----------+------+
| id | name   | address   | tele |
+----+--------+-----------+------+
|  1 | Rupert | Somewhere | 022  |
|  2 | John   | Doe       | 022  |
+----+--------+-----------+------+

And so on…


Update:

To prevent #1060 - Duplicate column name error in case two values may equal, you must name the columns of the inner SELECT:

INSERT INTO table_listnames (name, address, tele)
SELECT * FROM (SELECT 'Unknown' AS name, 'Unknown' AS address, '022' AS tele) AS tmp
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT name FROM table_listnames WHERE name = 'Rupert'
) LIMIT 1;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

SELECT * FROM `table_listnames`;

+----+---------+-----------+------+
| id | name    | address   | tele |
+----+---------+-----------+------+
|  1 | Rupert  | Somewhere | 022  |
|  2 | John    | Doe       | 022  |
|  3 | Unknown | Unknown   | 022  |

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