python 取得 ip address 的方法

附上 多個方法，最後還是安裝了netifaces…, 當有多個 ip address 時，VirtualBox 的假網卡(vboxnet0)也會吃掉一個 ip, 而且是合法的，通常在 192.168.56.1 ，而且這個 ip 無法被區網路的其他電腦存取。

附註，別直接使用 ‘eth0’，在 Mac OS 裡，沒有 ‘eth0’

You need to ask for the IP address that is bound to your eth0 interface. This is available from the netifaces package

import netifaces as ni
ni.ifaddresses('eth0')
ip = ni.ifaddresses('eth0')[2][0]['addr']
print ip  # should print "192.168.100.37"

You can also get a list of all available interfaces via

ni.interfaces()

#!/bin/env python
'''
Different ways to get the ip address of a network device
'''


def get_ip_address_1(ifname='eth0'):
 '''
 Source:
 http://code.activestate.com/recipes/439094/
 '''
 import socket
 import fcntl
 import struct

 s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
 ipaddr = socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(
 s.fileno(),
 0x8915, # SIOCGIFADDR
 struct.pack('256s', ifname[:15])
 )[20:24])
 
 return ipaddr

def get_ip_address_2():
 '''
 Source:
 http://commandline.org.uk/python/how-to-find-out-ip-address-in-python/
 '''
 import socket
 s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
 s.connect(('google.com', 0))
 ipaddr=s.getsockname()[0]
 return ipaddr

def get_ip_address_3():
 import socket
 ipaddr = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
 return ipaddr

def get_ip_address_4(netdev='eth0'):
 # Use ip addr show
 import subprocess
 arg='ip addr show ' + netdev 
 p=subprocess.Popen(arg,shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
 data = p.communicate()
 sdata = data[0].split('\n')
 macaddr = sdata[1].strip().split(' ')[1]
 ipaddr = sdata[2].strip().split(' ')[1].split('/')[0]
 return (ipaddr,macaddr)
 
def get_ip_address_5():
 #Use ip route list
 import subprocess
 arg='ip route list' 
 p=subprocess.Popen(arg,shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
 data = p.communicate()
 sdata = data[0].split()
 ipaddr = sdata[ sdata.index('src')+1 ]
 netdev = sdata[ sdata.index('dev')+1 ]
 return (ipaddr,netdev)
 
print(get_ip_address_1())
print(get_ip_address_2())
print(get_ip_address_3())
print(get_ip_address_4())
print(get_ip_address_5())