python 取得 ip address 的方法

附上 多個方法，最後還是安裝了netifaces…, 當有多個 ip address 時，VirtualBox 的假網卡(vboxnet0)也會吃掉一個 ip, 而且是合法的，通常在 192.168.56.1 ，而且這個 ip 無法被區網路的其他電腦存取。

附註，別直接使用 ‘eth0’，在 Mac OS 裡，沒有 ‘eth0’

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You need to ask for the IP address that is bound to your eth0 interface. This is available from the netifaces package

import netifaces as ni
ni.ifaddresses('eth0')
ip = ni.ifaddresses('eth0')[2][0]['addr']
print ip  # should print "192.168.100.37"

You can also get a list of all available interfaces via

ni.interfaces()

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#!/bin/env python
'''
Different ways to get the ip address of a network device
'''


def get_ip_address_1(ifname='eth0'):
 '''
 Source:
 http://code.activestate.com/recipes/439094/
 '''
 import socket
 import fcntl
 import struct

 s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
 ipaddr = socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(
 s.fileno(),
 0x8915, # SIOCGIFADDR
 struct.pack('256s', ifname[:15])
 )[20:24])
 
 return ipaddr

def get_ip_address_2():
 '''
 Source:
 http://commandline.org.uk/python/how-to-find-out-ip-address-in-python/
 '''
 import socket
 s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
 s.connect(('google.com', 0))
 ipaddr=s.getsockname()[0]
 return ipaddr

def get_ip_address_3():
 import socket
 ipaddr = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
 return ipaddr

def get_ip_address_4(netdev='eth0'):
 # Use ip addr show
 import subprocess
 arg='ip addr show ' + netdev 
 p=subprocess.Popen(arg,shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
 data = p.communicate()
 sdata = data[0].split('\n')
 macaddr = sdata[1].strip().split(' ')[1]
 ipaddr = sdata[2].strip().split(' ')[1].split('/')[0]
 return (ipaddr,macaddr)
 
def get_ip_address_5():
 #Use ip route list
 import subprocess
 arg='ip route list' 
 p=subprocess.Popen(arg,shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
 data = p.communicate()
 sdata = data[0].split()
 ipaddr = sdata[ sdata.index('src')+1 ]
 netdev = sdata[ sdata.index('dev')+1 ]
 return (ipaddr,netdev)
 
print(get_ip_address_1())
print(get_ip_address_2())
print(get_ip_address_3())
print(get_ip_address_4())
print(get_ip_address_5())

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